A Complete Guide to 3D Print Miniatures

3D printing has revolutionized the way we create and customize miniatures for tabletop games, collectibles, and artistic projects. In the model-making and entertainment fields, 3D printing allows designers to create realistic, detailed, unique, and replicable figurines, miniatures, action figures, character models, sculptures, film props, stop-motion models, art, and decoration, all at a sustainable cost and with a fast  turnaround.This guide will walk you through the essential steps to successfully 3D print miniatures, from design to finishing touches.

Choosing the Right 3D Printer
Type of Printer: FDM vs SLA

The most accessible and cost-effective 3D printing processes are filament (FDM) and resin 3D printing. For small 3D printing, each approach has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Let's learn more about it.

FDM :

Thermoplastic filament spools serve as the primary material for FDM 3D printing. In this process, the hot end heats the filament and extrudes it through a nozzle, layer by layer, to create an object. After each layer of filament is melted and extruded, it cools and fuses with the previous layer. Because FDM 3D printing uses relatively thick layers, the layer lines are clearly visible on the surface before any post-processing, resulting in lower visual quality compared to resin-printed models.

FDM 3D printers are easier to operate and safer than resin 3D printers. Filament is also more cost-effective than 3D printing resin, making the production of miniatures using FDM less expensive. Moreover, FDM 3D printers have larger build volumes, enabling the creation of sizable objects in a single run. FDM 3D printers are an excellent choice for producing large miniatures, action figures, character models, or landscape models.

SLA :

In resin 3D printing, UV light or laser light is used to cure photosensitive resin. SLA (Stereolithography) 3D printers use lasers for the curing process, while DLP (Digital Light Processing) 3D printers utilize an LCD screen to achieve the same goal. One of the main advantages of resin 3D printing is its ability to produce parts with high-quality finishes. When creating miniature models, the surface polish is excellent, and fine details are rendered with remarkable precision.

Furthermore, resin 3D printing offers excellent scalability. Printing time remains constant whether producing a single model or multiple models simultaneously. This is in contrast to FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printers, where the overall printing time increases with each additional model. However, there are some disadvantages to using resin for miniature models. These include higher material costs, limited build volume, and the requirement for a certain level of technical skill to operate the printer. Nevertheless, high-end resin 3D printers are equipped with features that make them easier to use compared to their lower-cost alternatives.

Designing or Sourcing Miniature Models

You have two main options for obtaining miniature models:

Design Your Own: Use software like Blender, Tinkercad, or ZBrush to create custom designs. This allows for complete personalization.

Download Pre-made Models: Websites like Thingiverse, MyMiniFactory, and Cults3D offer a vast library of free and paid miniature models.

Preparing the Model for Printing

Before printing, you need to prepare your model:

Check Scale: Ensure your model is scaled correctly for your intended use.

Repair the Model: Use software like Meshmixer or Netfabb to fix any errors in the model that could affect printing.

Add Supports: If your model has overhangs, consider adding supports to ensure successful printing.

Slicing the Model

Slicing software converts your 3D model into instructions for the printer:

Choose a Slicer: Popular options include Cura, PrusaSlicer, and Simplify3D.

Set Print Settings: Adjust layer height, infill density, and print speed according to your printer and desired quality.

Generate G-code: Export the sliced model as G-code, which the printer will use to create the miniature.

Printing the Miniature:

Prepare the Printer: Ensure the printer is calibrated, and the build plate is clean and leveled.

Load Filament or Resin: Depending on your printer type, load the appropriate material.

Start Printing: Monitor the print for any issues, especially during the first few layers.

Post-Processing

After printing, your miniature may require some finishing touches:
Remove Supports: Carefully detach any support structures.

Sanding: Smooth out rough edges with fine-grit sandpaper.

Priming: Apply a primer to help paint adhere better.

Painting: Use acrylic paints for vibrant colors and detail.

Displaying Your Miniatures

Once your miniatures are painted and finished, consider how to display them:

Bases: Add bases for stability and aesthetics.

Display Cases: Protect your miniatures from dust and damage with display cases.


3D printing miniatures is a rewarding hobby that allows for creativity and personalization. By following this guide, you can create stunning miniatures that enhance your gaming experience or serve as unique collectibles. We hope this post has answered some of your questions about miniature 3D printing.